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Vol. 1 (1998 year), No. 1

Lakso E., Ivanitsky A.
Research cooperation. Sanitary engineering cooperation between Oulu and Murmansk

Sanitary engineering is a highly capital demanding area. Technical solutions in different cases depend on local conditions; for example, the quality of raw water and wastewater receiving watercourse. Of course, the theoretical background is always the same independent of the place. Without knowing the local conditions the research cooperation is not very useful. The best results are possible to get when persons from both countries participate in the work and work together.

(in English, стр.2, fig. 0, tables. 0, ref 0, MS Word 95, MS Word 95 123 Kb)

Vol. 1 (1998 year), No. 2

Ivanitsky A., Lakso E.
Primary questions about treatment of humus-rich ground water. Formation and properties of humic substances

The brown colour of water is usually a sign of high humus and iron content. End products of microbial degradation of plants and animals are called humus. Humic substances are a series of relatively high-molecular-weight, brown to black coloured substances formed by a secondary synthesis reaction. A substantial fraction of the mass of humic substance is in carboxylic acid functional groups, which endow these molecules with an ability to chelate positively charged multivalent ions (Mg²⁺, Ca²⁺, Fe²⁺ and most other trace elements).

(in English, стр.3, fig. 2, tables. 0, ref 8, MS Word 95, MS Word 95 7 Kb)